MCQ on Human Reproductive System

🟢 Easy Level (1–20)

1. The male reproductive organ responsible for sperm production is the:
   A) Penis
   B) Testis ✅
   C) Prostate
   D) Scrotum
   Explanation: Testes produce sperm and testosterone.
2. Which hormone regulates ovulation in females?
   A) FSH
   B) LH ✅
   C) Estrogen
   D) Progesterone
   Explanation: LH triggers ovulation.
3. Where does fertilization usually occur in humans?
   A) Uterus
   B) Ovary
   C) Fallopian tube ✅
   D) Cervix
   Explanation: Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
4. What is the function of the uterus?
   A) Sperm production
   B) Fertilization
   C) Implantation and fetal development ✅
   D) Hormone secretion
   Explanation: The uterus supports implantation and fetal growth.
5. Which part produces eggs in females?
   A) Uterus
   B) Vagina
   C) Ovary ✅
   D) Fallopian tube
   Explanation: Ovaries release eggs during ovulation.
6. Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males?
   A) Estrogen
   B) Progesterone
   C) Testosterone ✅
   D) Oxytocin
   Explanation: Testosterone promotes male characteristics.
7. Which structure carries sperm from the testis to the urethra?
   A) Vas deferens ✅
   B) Ureter
   C) Fallopian tube
   D) Epididymis
   Explanation: Vas deferens transports sperm during ejaculation.
8. The outermost layer of the uterus is the:
   A) Endometrium
   B) Myometrium
   C) Perimetrium ✅
   D) Cervix
   Explanation: The perimetrium is the outer uterine layer.
9. Which hormone maintains pregnancy?
   A) LH
   B) Estrogen
   C) Progesterone ✅
   D) FSH
   Explanation: Progesterone prevents contractions and maintains the uterine lining.
10. What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
    A) 15 days
    B) 21 days
    C) 28 days ✅
    D) 35 days
    Explanation: A typical menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days.
11. What is the site of sperm maturation?
    A) Seminal vesicle
    B) Prostate
    C) Epididymis ✅
    D) Vas deferens
    Explanation: Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis.
12. What is the function of seminal fluid?
    A) Fertilizes egg
    B) Nourishes sperm ✅
    C) Produces hormones
    D) Destroys pathogens
    Explanation: Seminal fluid provides energy and protection for sperm.
13. Which structure in males carries both urine and semen?
    A) Vas deferens
    B) Urethra ✅
    C) Seminal vesicle
    D) Epididymis
    Explanation: The urethra serves as a common pathway for urine and semen.
14. Which structure dilates during childbirth?
    A) Ovary
    B) Fallopian tube
    C) Cervix ✅
    D) Endometrium
    Explanation: The cervix dilates to allow the baby to pass through.
15. Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
    A) Epididymis
    B) Seminiferous tubules ✅
    C) Vas deferens
    D) Prostate gland
    Explanation: These tubules in the testes produce sperm.
16. Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum?
    A) Estrogen
    B) FSH
    C) Progesterone ✅
    D) Oxytocin
    Explanation: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to support the endometrium.
17. Which organ is responsible for implantation of the embryo?
    A) Ovary
    B) Fallopian tube
    C) Uterus ✅
    D) Vagina
    Explanation: The uterus provides a site for embryo implantation.
18. The female reproductive organ that receives the penis during intercourse is the:
    A) Ovary
    B) Fallopian tube
    C) Vagina ✅
    D) Uterus
    Explanation: The vagina is the site of sperm deposition.
19. Menstruation is caused due to the breakdown of:
    A) Myometrium
    B) Endometrium ✅
    C) Cervix
    D) Ovary
    Explanation: Shedding of the endometrial lining causes menstruation.
20. The process of releasing a mature egg is called:
    A) Fertilization
    B) Implantation
    C) Ovulation ✅
    D) Menstruation
    Explanation: Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.

🟡 Moderate Level (21–40)

21. Which gland contributes to semen volume and alkalinity?
    A) Testis
    B) Prostate gland ✅
    C) Ovary
    D) Cervix
    Explanation: The prostate gland secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
22. During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
    A) Follicular phase
    B) Ovulatory phase ✅
    C) Luteal phase
    D) Menstrual phase
    Explanation: Ovulation happens around day 14 during the ovulatory phase.
23. The zona pellucida surrounds which structure?
    A) Sperm
    B) Embryo
    C) Ovum ✅
    D) Zygote
    Explanation: The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer around the egg.
24. Which hormone triggers the release of the ovum?
    A) FSH
    B) LH ✅
    C) Estrogen
    D) Progesterone
    Explanation: LH surge causes ovulation.
25. Which structure helps move the ovum toward the uterus?
    A) Endometrium
    B) Cilia in fallopian tubes ✅
    C) Corpus luteum
    D) Ovarian ligament
    Explanation: Cilia and muscle contractions in the tubes guide the egg.
26. Which part of the sperm contains enzymes for egg penetration?
    A) Tail
    B) Acrosome ✅
    C) Midpiece
    D) Nucleus
    Explanation: Acrosomal enzymes digest the egg membrane during fertilization.
27. In females, the onset of puberty is triggered by:
    A) Progesterone
    B) Estrogen ✅
    C) Testosterone
    D) Insulin
    Explanation: Estrogen initiates secondary sexual characteristics.
28. Which of these prevents polyspermy?
    A) Sperm tail
    B) Zona reaction ✅
    C) Progesterone
    D) Semen
    Explanation: The zona reaction blocks entry of additional sperm.
29. Which part of sperm contains mitochondria?
    A) Head
    B) Acrosome
    C) Midpiece ✅
    D) Tail
    Explanation: Mitochondria in the midpiece provide energy for movement.
30. The endometrium thickens during which phase?
    A) Menstrual
    B) Follicular ✅
    C) Ovulatory
    D) Degenerative
    Explanation: Estrogen promotes endometrial thickening.
31. Which structure acts as the birth canal?
    A) Ovary
    B) Uterus
    C) Cervix
    D) Vagina ✅
    Explanation: The baby passes through the vagina during birth.
32. Which gland releases FSH and LH?
    A) Thyroid
    B) Adrenal
    C) Pituitary ✅
    D) Pineal
    Explanation: The anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH.
33. Which hormone peaks just before ovulation?
    A) Progesterone
    B) FSH
    C) LH ✅
    D) Oxytocin
    Explanation: LH surge precedes ovulation.
34. What is the term for the union of sperm and ovum?
    A) Cleavage
    B) Fertilization ✅
    C) Ovulation
    D) Menstruation
    Explanation: Fertilization forms a zygote.
35. The placenta is formed by:
    A) Endometrium only
    B) Chorion and endometrium ✅
    C) Amnion
    D) Uterus
    Explanation: The placenta develops from both fetal and maternal tissues.
36. Which hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?
    A) FSH
    B) Progesterone
    C) Estrogen
    D) hCG ✅
    Explanation: hCG is produced after implantation and indicates pregnancy.
37. The structure that nourishes the embryo is:
    A) Cervix
    B) Placenta ✅
    C) Ovary
    D) Corpus luteum
    Explanation: The placenta facilitates exchange of nutrients and waste.
38. In males, LH stimulates:
    A) Sertoli cells
    B) Leydig cells ✅
    C) Prostate gland
    D) Seminal vesicles
    Explanation: LH acts on Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
39. Corpus luteum degenerates if:
    A) Fertilization occurs
    B) Menstruation stops
    C) No fertilization occurs ✅
    D) Estrogen rises
    Explanation: In the absence of hCG, the corpus luteum degenerates.
40. Which of the following is NOT a function of the reproductive system?
    A) Hormone production
    B) Waste excretion ✅
    C) Gamete production
    D) Fertilization
    Explanation: Waste excretion is a function of the excretory system.

🔴 Hard Level (41–50)

41. Which part of the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall?
    A) Inner cell mass
    B) Trophoblast ✅
    C) Zona pellucida
    D) Chorion
    Explanation: The trophoblast initiates implantation.
42. Capacitation of sperm occurs in the:
    A) Testis
    B) Vas deferens
    C) Female reproductive tract ✅
    D) Epididymis
    Explanation: Capacitation enables sperm to fertilize the ovum.
43. Which hormone is secreted by the trophoblast after implantation?
    A) LH
    B) FSH
    C) hCG ✅
    D) Estrogen
    Explanation: hCG supports corpus luteum in early pregnancy.
44. Which fetal membrane contributes to placenta formation?
    A) Amnion
    B) Chorion ✅
    C) Allantois
    D) Yolk sac
    Explanation: The chorion fuses with the endometrium to form the placenta.
45. Oxytocin’s main role during parturition is to:
    A) Promote follicle growth
    B) Increase blood supply
    C) Stimulate uterine contractions ✅
    D) Induce ovulation
    Explanation: Oxytocin triggers contractions for childbirth.
46. Which male gland contributes enzymes to semen?
    A) Prostate gland ✅
    B) Seminal vesicle
    C) Testis
    D) Bulbourethral gland
    Explanation: Prostate adds proteolytic enzymes aiding sperm motility.
47. How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?
    A) 23 pairs
    B) 22
    C) 23 ✅
    D) 46
    Explanation: Gametes are haploid with 23 chromosomes.
48. Which structure secretes inhibin in males?
    A) Leydig cells
    B) Sertoli cells ✅
    C) Prostate gland
    D) Epididymis
    Explanation: Sertoli cells regulate FSH via inhibin secretion.
49. Cleavage of the zygote begins in the:
    A) Uterus
    B) Fallopian tube ✅
    C) Ovary
    D) Cervix
    Explanation: Cleavage starts as the zygote travels toward the uterus.
50. Which event marks the beginning of pregnancy?
    A) Ovulation
    B) Fertilization
    C) Implantation ✅
    D) Embryo development
    Explanation: Pregnancy begins when the embryo implants in the uterus.