Which gland is known as the “master gland”?
A) Thyroid
B) Pituitary ✅
C) Adrenal
D) Pineal Explanation: The pituitary gland controls many other endocrine glands.
Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
A) Thyroxine
B) Insulin ✅
C) Adrenaline
D) Estrogen Explanation: Insulin lowers blood glucose levels.
Which gland secretes melatonin?
A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Pineal ✅
D) Adrenal Explanation: The pineal gland regulates circadian rhythms.
Which gland is located in the neck?
A) Adrenal
B) Thyroid ✅
C) Pancreas
D) Pituitary Explanation: The thyroid gland is located anterior to the trachea.
Which hormone is released during stress?
A) Oxytocin
B) Cortisol ✅
C) Insulin
D) Melatonin Explanation: Cortisol is a stress hormone released by the adrenal cortex.
Which gland produces insulin?
A) Liver
B) Kidney
C) Pancreas ✅
D) Thyroid Explanation: Beta cells in the pancreas produce insulin.
Which hormone helps regulate metabolism?
A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone
C) Thyroxine ✅
D) Oxytocin Explanation: Thyroxine increases metabolic activity.
Which gland sits on top of the kidneys?
A) Pituitary
B) Adrenal ✅
C) Pancreas
D) Thyroid Explanation: Adrenal glands are located above the kidneys.
Which hormone helps in childbirth by causing uterine contractions?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin ✅
D) FSH Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates labor contractions.
Which gland controls growth and development?
A) Pancreas
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary ✅
D) Adrenal Explanation: The pituitary secretes growth hormone.
Which hormone promotes calcium absorption in the intestines?
A) Calcitonin
B) PTH
C) Vitamin D ✅
D) Glucagon Explanation: Vitamin D increases calcium absorption.
Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels?
A) PTH
B) Calcitonin ✅
C) Glucagon
D) Insulin Explanation: Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity.
Which gland regulates circadian rhythm?
A) Pineal ✅
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas Explanation: The pineal gland secretes melatonin, regulating sleep.
Which hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Oxytocin
B) Prolactin ✅
C) Estrogen
D) Testosterone Explanation: Prolactin triggers milk synthesis in mammary glands.
Which hormone is responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics?
A) Estrogen
B) Testosterone ✅
C) Progesterone
D) Insulin Explanation: Testosterone regulates male traits.
Glucagon is secreted by:
A) Alpha cells ✅
B) Beta cells
C) Delta cells
D) Acinar cells Explanation: Alpha cells of the pancreas release glucagon.
Which hormone increases blood sugar levels?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon ✅
C) ADH
D) Calcitonin Explanation: Glucagon triggers glycogen breakdown in the liver.
Which hormone controls water balance in the body?
A) FSH
B) ADH ✅
C) TSH
D) Prolactin Explanation: ADH promotes water reabsorption in kidneys.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases:
A) Blood glucose
B) Blood calcium ✅
C) Water retention
D) Metabolism Explanation: PTH stimulates calcium release from bones.
Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary?
A) FSH
B) ACTH
C) ADH ✅
D) TSH Explanation: The posterior pituitary releases ADH and oxytocin.
🟡 Moderate Level (21–40)
What stimulates the release of ACTH?
A) TRH
B) CRH ✅
C) GHRH
D) GnRH Explanation: CRH from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH secretion.
Which hormone stimulates ovulation?
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone Explanation: LH surge triggers ovulation.
Which gland controls other endocrine glands?
A) Pancreas
B) Pituitary ✅
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenal Explanation: The pituitary is often referred to as the “master gland.”
Hyposecretion of insulin leads to:
A) Diabetes mellitus ✅
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Goitre
D) Cushing’s syndrome Explanation: Lack of insulin results in high blood glucose levels.
Excess GH in adults causes:
A) Gigantism
B) Acromegaly ✅
C) Dwarfism
D) Rickets Explanation: Acromegaly is characterized by bone thickening in adults.
Graves’ disease is associated with:
A) Hypothyroidism
B) Hyperthyroidism ✅
C) Adrenal insufficiency
D) Hypopituitarism Explanation: It is an autoimmune condition causing excess thyroid hormone.
Which hormone regulates the menstrual cycle along with estrogen?
A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone ✅
C) FSH
D) LH Explanation: Progesterone maintains the uterine lining.
Adrenal medulla secretes:
A) Cortisol
B) Aldosterone
C) Epinephrine and norepinephrine ✅
D) Insulin Explanation: These hormones help in “fight or flight” response.
Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) ADH
B) Aldosterone ✅
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon Explanation: Aldosterone conserves sodium and water.
Which hormone is a steroid hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol ✅
C) Oxytocin
D) ADH Explanation: Cortisol is derived from cholesterol.
Which part of the brain links the nervous and endocrine systems?
A) Cerebrum
B) Hypothalamus ✅
C) Thalamus
D) Cerebellum Explanation: The hypothalamus regulates pituitary function.
Which hormone regulates basal metabolic rate?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine (T4) ✅
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon Explanation: T4 increases oxygen consumption and heat production.
Hormones are transported by:
A) Neurons
B) Bloodstream ✅
C) Lymph
D) Digestive tract Explanation: Endocrine hormones travel via blood to target organs.
Addison’s disease is caused by:
A) Excess cortisol
B) Deficiency of adrenal hormones ✅
C) Thyroid overactivity
D) High insulin Explanation: It leads to fatigue, hypotension, and low cortisol.
Goitre is caused by deficiency of:
A) Calcium
B) Iodine ✅
C) Iron
D) Potassium Explanation: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis.
Negative feedback mechanism in endocrine system maintains:
A) Instability
B) Imbalance
C) Homeostasis ✅
D) Growth Explanation: It helps maintain hormone levels within normal range.
Which hormone increases heart rate and blood pressure?
A) Glucagon
B) Epinephrine ✅
C) Insulin
D) FSH Explanation: Epinephrine acts as a stress hormone.
TSH stimulates:
A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid ✅
C) Pancreas
D) Liver Explanation: TSH triggers thyroid hormone production.
Hyperparathyroidism leads to:
A) Hypocalcemia
B) Hypercalcemia ✅
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Low cortisol Explanation: Excess PTH raises blood calcium levels.
Which hormone suppresses appetite?
A) Ghrelin
B) Leptin ✅
C) Insulin
D) Glucagon Explanation: Leptin signals fullness to the brain.
🔴 Hard Level (41–50)
Which hormone regulates the sleep-wake cycle?
A) Melatonin ✅
B) Thyroxine
C) Serotonin
D) Oxytocin Explanation: Melatonin regulates circadian rhythm.
Which hormone increases during dehydration?
A) Aldosterone
B) ADH ✅
C) Insulin
D) TSH Explanation: ADH promotes water retention.
Hyposecretion of ADH causes:
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Diabetes insipidus ✅
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Gigantism Explanation: Leads to excessive urination and thirst.
Cushing’s syndrome is caused by excess:
A) Aldosterone
B) Cortisol ✅
C) Insulin
D) Thyroxine Explanation: It causes fat redistribution, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.
Which hormone binds to intracellular receptors?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol ✅
C) Oxytocin
D) FSH Explanation: Steroid hormones act inside the cell.
Gonadotropins include:
A) FSH and LH ✅
B) TSH and ACTH
C) ADH and Oxytocin
D) Insulin and Glucagon Explanation: They regulate function of gonads.
Which disorder is due to lack of thyroid hormones at birth?
A) Cretinism ✅
B) Acromegaly
C) Myxedema
D) Addison’s disease Explanation: Leads to stunted physical and mental development.
Which hormone inhibits growth hormone secretion?
A) GHRH
B) Somatostatin ✅
C) CRH
D) TRH Explanation: Somatostatin suppresses GH and TSH.
Which hormone is not produced by the anterior pituitary?
A) Prolactin
B) ADH ✅
C) GH
D) ACTH Explanation: ADH is secreted by the posterior pituitary.
Hormone that triggers release of T3 and T4 is:
A) ACTH
B) TSH ✅
C) FSH
D) CRH Explanation: TSH stimulates thyroid to produce its hormones.