The male reproductive organ responsible for sperm production is the:
A) Penis
B) Testis ✅
C) Prostate
D) Scrotum Explanation: Testes produce sperm and testosterone.
Which hormone regulates ovulation in females?
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone Explanation: LH triggers ovulation.
Where does fertilization usually occur in humans?
A) Uterus
B) Ovary
C) Fallopian tube ✅
D) Cervix Explanation: Fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
What is the function of the uterus?
A) Sperm production
B) Fertilization
C) Implantation and fetal development ✅
D) Hormone secretion Explanation: The uterus supports implantation and fetal growth.
Which part produces eggs in females?
A) Uterus
B) Vagina
C) Ovary ✅
D) Fallopian tube Explanation: Ovaries release eggs during ovulation.
Which hormone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males?
A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Testosterone ✅
D) Oxytocin Explanation: Testosterone promotes male characteristics.
Which structure carries sperm from the testis to the urethra?
A) Vas deferens ✅
B) Ureter
C) Fallopian tube
D) Epididymis Explanation: Vas deferens transports sperm during ejaculation.
The outermost layer of the uterus is the:
A) Endometrium
B) Myometrium
C) Perimetrium ✅
D) Cervix Explanation: The perimetrium is the outer uterine layer.
Which hormone maintains pregnancy?
A) LH
B) Estrogen
C) Progesterone ✅
D) FSH Explanation: Progesterone prevents contractions and maintains the uterine lining.
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
A) 15 days
B) 21 days
C) 28 days ✅
D) 35 days Explanation: A typical menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days.
What is the site of sperm maturation?
A) Seminal vesicle
B) Prostate
C) Epididymis ✅
D) Vas deferens Explanation: Sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis.
What is the function of seminal fluid?
A) Fertilizes egg
B) Nourishes sperm ✅
C) Produces hormones
D) Destroys pathogens Explanation: Seminal fluid provides energy and protection for sperm.
Which structure in males carries both urine and semen?
A) Vas deferens
B) Urethra ✅
C) Seminal vesicle
D) Epididymis Explanation: The urethra serves as a common pathway for urine and semen.
Which structure dilates during childbirth?
A) Ovary
B) Fallopian tube
C) Cervix ✅
D) Endometrium Explanation: The cervix dilates to allow the baby to pass through.
Spermatogenesis occurs in the:
A) Epididymis
B) Seminiferous tubules ✅
C) Vas deferens
D) Prostate gland Explanation: These tubules in the testes produce sperm.
Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum?
A) Estrogen
B) FSH
C) Progesterone ✅
D) Oxytocin Explanation: The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to support the endometrium.
Which organ is responsible for implantation of the embryo?
A) Ovary
B) Fallopian tube
C) Uterus ✅
D) Vagina Explanation: The uterus provides a site for embryo implantation.
The female reproductive organ that receives the penis during intercourse is the:
A) Ovary
B) Fallopian tube
C) Vagina ✅
D) Uterus Explanation: The vagina is the site of sperm deposition.
Menstruation is caused due to the breakdown of:
A) Myometrium
B) Endometrium ✅
C) Cervix
D) Ovary Explanation: Shedding of the endometrial lining causes menstruation.
The process of releasing a mature egg is called:
A) Fertilization
B) Implantation
C) Ovulation ✅
D) Menstruation Explanation: Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary.
🟡 Moderate Level (21–40)
Which gland contributes to semen volume and alkalinity?
A) Testis
B) Prostate gland ✅
C) Ovary
D) Cervix Explanation: The prostate gland secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm.
During which phase of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?
A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulatory phase ✅
C) Luteal phase
D) Menstrual phase Explanation: Ovulation happens around day 14 during the ovulatory phase.
The zona pellucida surrounds which structure?
A) Sperm
B) Embryo
C) Ovum ✅
D) Zygote Explanation: The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer around the egg.
Which hormone triggers the release of the ovum?
A) FSH
B) LH ✅
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone Explanation: LH surge causes ovulation.
Which structure helps move the ovum toward the uterus?
A) Endometrium
B) Cilia in fallopian tubes ✅
C) Corpus luteum
D) Ovarian ligament Explanation: Cilia and muscle contractions in the tubes guide the egg.
Which part of the sperm contains enzymes for egg penetration?
A) Tail
B) Acrosome ✅
C) Midpiece
D) Nucleus Explanation: Acrosomal enzymes digest the egg membrane during fertilization.
In females, the onset of puberty is triggered by:
A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen ✅
C) Testosterone
D) Insulin Explanation: Estrogen initiates secondary sexual characteristics.
Which of these prevents polyspermy?
A) Sperm tail
B) Zona reaction ✅
C) Progesterone
D) Semen Explanation: The zona reaction blocks entry of additional sperm.
Which part of sperm contains mitochondria?
A) Head
B) Acrosome
C) Midpiece ✅
D) Tail Explanation: Mitochondria in the midpiece provide energy for movement.
The endometrium thickens during which phase?
A) Menstrual
B) Follicular ✅
C) Ovulatory
D) Degenerative Explanation: Estrogen promotes endometrial thickening.
Which structure acts as the birth canal?
A) Ovary
B) Uterus
C) Cervix
D) Vagina ✅ Explanation: The baby passes through the vagina during birth.
Which gland releases FSH and LH?
A) Thyroid
B) Adrenal
C) Pituitary ✅
D) Pineal Explanation: The anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH.
Which hormone peaks just before ovulation?
A) Progesterone
B) FSH
C) LH ✅
D) Oxytocin Explanation: LH surge precedes ovulation.
What is the term for the union of sperm and ovum?
A) Cleavage
B) Fertilization ✅
C) Ovulation
D) Menstruation Explanation: Fertilization forms a zygote.
The placenta is formed by:
A) Endometrium only
B) Chorion and endometrium ✅
C) Amnion
D) Uterus Explanation: The placenta develops from both fetal and maternal tissues.
Which hormone is detected in pregnancy tests?
A) FSH
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) hCG ✅ Explanation: hCG is produced after implantation and indicates pregnancy.
The structure that nourishes the embryo is:
A) Cervix
B) Placenta ✅
C) Ovary
D) Corpus luteum Explanation: The placenta facilitates exchange of nutrients and waste.
In males, LH stimulates:
A) Sertoli cells
B) Leydig cells ✅
C) Prostate gland
D) Seminal vesicles Explanation: LH acts on Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
Corpus luteum degenerates if:
A) Fertilization occurs
B) Menstruation stops
C) No fertilization occurs ✅
D) Estrogen rises Explanation: In the absence of hCG, the corpus luteum degenerates.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the reproductive system?
A) Hormone production
B) Waste excretion ✅
C) Gamete production
D) Fertilization Explanation: Waste excretion is a function of the excretory system.
🔴 Hard Level (41–50)
Which part of the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall?
A) Inner cell mass
B) Trophoblast ✅
C) Zona pellucida
D) Chorion Explanation: The trophoblast initiates implantation.
Capacitation of sperm occurs in the:
A) Testis
B) Vas deferens
C) Female reproductive tract ✅
D) Epididymis Explanation: Capacitation enables sperm to fertilize the ovum.
Which hormone is secreted by the trophoblast after implantation?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) hCG ✅
D) Estrogen Explanation: hCG supports corpus luteum in early pregnancy.
Which fetal membrane contributes to placenta formation?
A) Amnion
B) Chorion ✅
C) Allantois
D) Yolk sac Explanation: The chorion fuses with the endometrium to form the placenta.
Oxytocin’s main role during parturition is to:
A) Promote follicle growth
B) Increase blood supply
C) Stimulate uterine contractions ✅
D) Induce ovulation Explanation: Oxytocin triggers contractions for childbirth.
Which male gland contributes enzymes to semen?
A) Prostate gland ✅
B) Seminal vesicle
C) Testis
D) Bulbourethral gland Explanation: Prostate adds proteolytic enzymes aiding sperm motility.
How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?
A) 23 pairs
B) 22
C) 23 ✅
D) 46 Explanation: Gametes are haploid with 23 chromosomes.
Which structure secretes inhibin in males?
A) Leydig cells
B) Sertoli cells ✅
C) Prostate gland
D) Epididymis Explanation: Sertoli cells regulate FSH via inhibin secretion.
Cleavage of the zygote begins in the:
A) Uterus
B) Fallopian tube ✅
C) Ovary
D) Cervix Explanation: Cleavage starts as the zygote travels toward the uterus.
Which event marks the beginning of pregnancy?
A) Ovulation
B) Fertilization
C) Implantation ✅
D) Embryo development Explanation: Pregnancy begins when the embryo implants in the uterus.