MCQ on Indian National Movement

🟢 EASY (1–20)

1. When was the Indian National Congress founded?
   a) 1880
   b) 1885
   c) 1890
   d) 1905
   ✅ Answer: b) 1885
   📘 Explanation: The INC was founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume to provide a platform for Indian political dialogue.
2. Who was the first President of the Indian National Congress?
   a) W.C. Bonnerjee
   b) Dadabhai Naoroji
   c) Badruddin Tyabji
   d) S.N. Banerjee
   ✅ Answer: a) W.C. Bonnerjee
   📘 Explanation: He presided over the first session held in Bombay.
3. Which movement was launched in 1942 by Mahatma Gandhi?
   a) Non-Cooperation Movement
   b) Quit India Movement
   c) Civil Disobedience Movement
   d) Swadeshi Movement
   ✅ Answer: b) Quit India Movement
   📘 Explanation: Gandhi gave the call “Do or Die” during this mass protest.
4. What was the aim of the Swadeshi Movement?
   a) Promote Western goods
   b) Boycott Indian goods
   c) Promote Indian goods and boycott foreign goods
   d) Support British industries
   ✅ Answer: c) Promote Indian goods and boycott foreign goods
   📘 Explanation: Started during the Partition of Bengal in 1905.
5. Who gave the slogan “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”?
   a) Mahatma Gandhi
   b) Jawaharlal Nehru
   c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
   d) Subhas Chandra Bose
   ✅ Answer: c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
   📘 Explanation: Tilak used this slogan to inspire masses for freedom.
6. Which British official was assassinated by Madan Lal Dhingra in London?
   a) Curzon Wyllie
   b) John Simon
   c) General Dyer
   d) Lord Ripon
   ✅ Answer: a) Curzon Wyllie
   📘 Explanation: Dhingra was a revolutionary who assassinated Wyllie in 1909.
7. Which event is associated with April 13, 1919?
   a) Dandi March
   b) Chauri Chaura Incident
   c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
   d) Partition of Bengal
   ✅ Answer: c) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
   📘 Explanation: British troops fired on unarmed people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.
8. Who founded the Forward Bloc?
   a) Subhas Chandra Bose
   b) Jawaharlal Nehru
   c) C.R. Das
   d) Sardar Patel
   ✅ Answer: a) Subhas Chandra Bose
   📘 Explanation: Founded in 1939 after Bose resigned from Congress.
9. Which Act is known as the “Black Act”?
   a) Government of India Act, 1935
   b) Rowlatt Act, 1919
   c) Morley-Minto Act
   d) Regulating Act
   ✅ Answer: b) Rowlatt Act, 1919
   📘 Explanation: It allowed imprisonment without trial and caused nationwide unrest.
10. Who was known as the “Grand Old Man of India”?
    a) Surendranath Banerjee
    b) Dadabhai Naoroji
    c) C.R. Das
    d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
    ✅ Answer: b) Dadabhai Naoroji
    📘 Explanation: He exposed the economic drain theory.
11. Which session of the Congress declared ‘Purna Swaraj’ as its goal?
    a) Surat Session
    b) Lahore Session
    c) Calcutta Session
    d) Bombay Session
    ✅ Answer: b) Lahore Session
    📘 Explanation: Held in 1929, presided by Jawaharlal Nehru.
12. Who led the Salt Satyagraha in Tamil Nadu?
    a) C. Rajagopalachari
    b) K. Kamaraj
    c) T. Prakasam
    d) E.V. Ramasamy
    ✅ Answer: a) C. Rajagopalachari
    📘 Explanation: He led the Salt March to Vedaranyam in TN.
13. Which leader is known as ‘Iron Man of India’?
    a) Lala Lajpat Rai
    b) Subhas Chandra Bose
    c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
    d) Bhagat Singh
    ✅ Answer: c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
    📘 Explanation: He unified India post-independence and was known for his firmness.
14. When was the Simon Commission appointed?
    a) 1927
    b) 1929
    c) 1935
    d) 1942
    ✅ Answer: a) 1927
    📘 Explanation: All members were British, which led to protests.
15. Who hoisted the Indian flag at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart?
    a) Jawaharlal Nehru
    b) Madame Cama
    c) Annie Besant
    d) Sarojini Naidu
    ✅ Answer: b) Madame Cama
    📘 Explanation: She raised the flag in Germany in 1907.
16. The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” was popularized by:
    a) Mangal Pandey
    b) Chandrashekhar Azad
    c) Bhagat Singh
    d) Rajguru
    ✅ Answer: c) Bhagat Singh
    📘 Explanation: It became the battle cry of revolutionaries.
17. The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn due to:
    a) Jallianwala Massacre
    b) Dandi March
    c) Chauri Chaura Incident
    d) Partition of Bengal
    ✅ Answer: c) Chauri Chaura Incident
    📘 Explanation: Gandhi withdrew the movement after violent protests.
18. Which leader founded the Indian Home Rule League in 1916?
    a) Lala Lajpat Rai
    b) Tilak and Annie Besant
    c) Gokhale
    d) M.N. Roy
    ✅ Answer: b) Tilak and Annie Besant
    📘 Explanation: Both founded their own Home Rule Leagues.
19. Who was the Viceroy during the Quit India Movement?
    a) Lord Linlithgow
    b) Lord Mountbatten
    c) Lord Wavell
    d) Lord Irwin
    ✅ Answer: a) Lord Linlithgow
    📘 Explanation: He declared the movement illegal immediately.
20. The Azad Hind Fauj was formed with the help of which country?
    a) Japan
    b) Germany
    c) Russia
    d) France
    ✅ Answer: a) Japan
    📘 Explanation: Japan supported Subhas Bose in forming INA.

🟡 MODERATE (21–40)

21. The Indian National Army (INA) was originally founded by:
    a) Subhas Chandra Bose
    b) Rash Behari Bose
    c) Mohan Singh
    d) S.C. Bose and Mohan Singh jointly
    ✅ Answer: c) Mohan Singh
    📘 Explanation: Mohan Singh initially organized the INA in 1942 before Subhas Chandra Bose revived it.
22. Which revolutionary was associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA)?
    a) Lala Lajpat Rai
    b) Jawaharlal Nehru
    c) Bhagat Singh
    d) V.D. Savarkar
    ✅ Answer: c) Bhagat Singh
    📘 Explanation: HSRA was a revolutionary group Bhagat Singh was deeply involved in.
23. Which of the following was a significant outcome of the Second Round Table Conference (1931)?
    a) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
    b) Purna Swaraj declaration
    c) Civil Disobedience Movement
    d) British agreement to Dominion Status
    ✅ Answer: a) Gandhi-Irwin Pact
    📘 Explanation: Gandhi attended the conference after signing the pact with Lord Irwin.
24. Who started the newspaper ‘Kesari’?
    a) Tilak
    b) Gokhale
    c) Raja Ram Mohan Roy
    d) Aurobindo Ghosh
    ✅ Answer: a) Tilak
    📘 Explanation: ‘Kesari’ was a Marathi newspaper started by Tilak to spread nationalist ideas.
25. Which movement saw the participation of women on a mass scale for the first time?
    a) Revolt of 1857
    b) Swadeshi Movement
    c) Non-Cooperation Movement
    d) Quit India Movement
    ✅ Answer: c) Non-Cooperation Movement
    📘 Explanation: Women played a significant role in boycotts and processions during this movement.
26. Who was the Viceroy when Bengal was partitioned in 1905?
    a) Lord Minto
    b) Lord Curzon
    c) Lord Ripon
    d) Lord Hardinge
    ✅ Answer: b) Lord Curzon
    📘 Explanation: His decision to partition Bengal sparked the Swadeshi Movement.
27. Which one of the following was NOT a provision of the Regulating Act of 1773?
    a) Governor of Bengal became Governor-General
    b) Supreme Court was established
    c) Civil services were Indianised
    d) Dual government system ended
    ✅ Answer: c) Civil services were Indianised
    📘 Explanation: Civil services were not Indianised under this act.
28. Who founded the All India Harijan Sevak Sangh?
    a) B.R. Ambedkar
    b) Jawaharlal Nehru
    c) Mahatma Gandhi
    d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
    ✅ Answer: c) Mahatma Gandhi
    📘 Explanation: Founded in 1932 to work for the upliftment of Dalits.
29. Which act gave separate electorates to Muslims?
    a) Rowlatt Act
    b) Government of India Act, 1919
    c) Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
    d) Indian Councils Act, 1861
    ✅ Answer: c) Morley-Minto Reforms (1909)
    📘 Explanation: These reforms introduced communal representation.
30. Which of the following was NOT a member of the Nehru Report Committee?
    a) Motilal Nehru
    b) M.R. Jayakar
    c) Tej Bahadur Sapru
    d) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
    ✅ Answer: d) Muhammad Ali Jinnah
    📘 Explanation: Jinnah opposed the Nehru Report and later gave his 14 Points.
31. The Kakori Conspiracy Case is related to which organization?
    a) Indian National Congress
    b) Ghadar Party
    c) Hindustan Republican Association
    d) Azad Hind Fauj
    ✅ Answer: c) Hindustan Republican Association
    📘 Explanation: The case involved the robbery of a government train by revolutionaries.
32. The slogan “Jai Hind” was popularized by:
    a) Jawaharlal Nehru
    b) Mahatma Gandhi
    c) Subhas Chandra Bose
    d) Bhagat Singh
    ✅ Answer: c) Subhas Chandra Bose
    📘 Explanation: He used this slogan extensively in INA communications.
33. Who called Mahatma Gandhi ‘Half-naked Fakir’?
    a) Lord Mountbatten
    b) Winston Churchill
    c) Lord Wavell
    d) Viceroy Linlithgow
    ✅ Answer: b) Winston Churchill
    📘 Explanation: He expressed disdain for Gandhi’s dress and methods.
34. Which peasant movement is associated with Indigo cultivation?
    a) Tebhaga
    b) Champaran
    c) Moplah
    d) Deccan Riots
    ✅ Answer: b) Champaran
    📘 Explanation: Gandhi led the movement against forced indigo cultivation in Bihar.
35. Which revolutionary wrote the book “Why I am an Atheist”?
    a) Bhagat Singh
    b) Chandrashekhar Azad
    c) Rajguru
    d) Sukhdev
    ✅ Answer: a) Bhagat Singh
    📘 Explanation: He wrote it while in prison.
36. Who was the leader of the Bardoli Satyagraha?
    a) Mahatma Gandhi
    b) Sardar Patel
    c) Jawaharlal Nehru
    d) Rajendra Prasad
    ✅ Answer: b) Sardar Patel
    📘 Explanation: He led the successful movement of peasants in Gujarat.
37. Which of the following sessions is called the ‘Muslim League Congress Lucknow Pact’?
    a) 1905
    b) 1909
    c) 1916
    d) 1923
    ✅ Answer: c) 1916
    📘 Explanation: Congress and League came to an understanding to work together.
38. Who was the founder of the Ghadar Party?
    a) Lala Lajpat Rai
    b) Sohan Singh Bhakna
    c) Bhagat Singh
    d) V.D. Savarkar
    ✅ Answer: b) Sohan Singh Bhakna
    📘 Explanation: He was a key leader of this overseas revolutionary group.
39. The Cabinet Mission came to India in the year:
    a) 1942
    b) 1945
    c) 1946
    d) 1947
    ✅ Answer: c) 1946
    📘 Explanation: Its aim was to discuss the transfer of power and future governance.
40. Who said, “Give me blood and I shall give you freedom”?
    a) Gandhi
    b) Nehru
    c) Bhagat Singh
    d) Subhas Chandra Bose
    ✅ Answer: d) Subhas Chandra Bose
    📘 Explanation: This was one of his most famous calls to action for the INA.

🔴 HARD (41–50)

41. Which revolutionary founded the ‘Abhinav Bharat Society’?
    a) Savarkar
    b) Lala Lajpat Rai
    c) Bhagat Singh
    d) Aurobindo Ghosh
    ✅ Answer: a) Savarkar
    📘 Explanation: A secret society formed in 1904 to promote armed rebellion.
42. Which act formed the basis for the introduction of Dyarchy in provinces?
    a) Government of India Act, 1858
    b) Indian Councils Act, 1909
    c) Government of India Act, 1919
    d) Government of India Act, 1935
    ✅ Answer: c) Government of India Act, 1919
    📘 Explanation: Introduced dual administration at the provincial level.
43. The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was formed in:
    a) 1920
    b) 1923
    c) 1924
    d) 1928
    ✅ Answer: c) 1924
    📘 Explanation: Formed to overthrow British rule by revolution.
44. In which jail was Bhagat Singh hanged?
    a) Cellular Jail
    b) Yerwada Jail
    c) Lahore Central Jail
    d) Andaman Jail
    ✅ Answer: c) Lahore Central Jail
    📘 Explanation: Executed in 1931.
45. Who was the first Indian woman president of the Indian National Congress?
    a) Annie Besant
    b) Sarojini Naidu
    c) Aruna Asaf Ali
    d) Indira Gandhi
    ✅ Answer: b) Sarojini Naidu
    📘 Explanation: She became president in 1925 at Kanpur session.
46. The Indian National Congress split for the first time in which session?
    a) Lahore, 1909
    b) Bombay, 1890
    c) Surat, 1907
    d) Calcutta, 1905
    ✅ Answer: c) Surat, 1907
    📘 Explanation: Moderates and Extremists split during this session.
47. Which leader presided over the historic Lahore Congress session of 1929?
    a) Gandhi
    b) Patel
    c) Nehru
    d) Rajendra Prasad
    ✅ Answer: c) Nehru
    📘 Explanation: Purna Swaraj was declared in this session.
48. Who led the Kakori Train Robbery in 1925?
    a) Ashfaqulla Khan
    b) Chandrashekhar Azad
    c) Ram Prasad Bismil
    d) All of the above
    ✅ Answer: d) All of the above
    📘 Explanation: It was a joint revolutionary effort against British rule.
49. Which British Prime Minister announced the Cripps Mission?
    a) Clement Attlee
    b) Winston Churchill
    c) Neville Chamberlain
    d) Ramsay MacDonald
    ✅ Answer: b) Winston Churchill
    📘 Explanation: Cripps was sent to secure Indian cooperation in WWII.
50. In which year was the Indian National Congress declared an unlawful organization by the British?
    a) 1930
    b) 1942
    c) 1919
    d) 1935
    ✅ Answer: b) 1942
    📘 Explanation: Following the Quit India Movement, the INC was banned.