1. Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product excreted by the respiratory system?
a) Urea
b) Ammonia
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Glucose
2. What is the function of the cilia in the respiratory tract?
a) Producing mucus
b) Filtering air and trapping particles
c) Producing enzymes
d) Pumping blood
3. Which type of muscle is responsible for involuntary contractions of the digestive tract?
a) Skeletal muscle
b) Cardiac muscle
c) Smooth muscle
d) Connective tissue
4. What is the main function of red blood cells?
a) Transporting oxygen
b) Fighting infections
c) Producing antibodies
d) Digesting food
5. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth?
a) Insulin
b) Estrogen
c) Prolactin
d) Thyroxine
6. Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?
a) Absorbing nutrients
b) Regulating body temperature
c) Eliminating waste
d) Digesting food
7. What is the purpose of the amniotic fluid during pregnancy?
a) Nourishing the fetus
b) Providing oxygen to the fetus
c) Cushioning and protecting the fetus
d) Regulating hormone levels
8. Which of the following is a type of tissue that connects muscle to bone?
a) Cartilage
b) Tendon
c) Ligament
d) Nerve tissue
9. What is the role of the adrenal glands in the endocrine system?
a) Producing insulin
b) Regulating blood pressure
c) Secreting adrenaline and cortisol
d) Storing bile
10. Which of the following is a disorder characterized by the body’s inability to properly regulate blood sugar levels?
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Hypertension
c) Hyperthyroidism
d) Anemia
11. What is the function of the cerebrum in the brain?
a) Regulation of body temperature
b) Control of heart rate
c) Processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions
d) Coordination of movement
12. Which process involves the conversion of glucose into energy in the presence of oxygen?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Fermentation
d) Transpiration
13. What is the name of the hormone that regulates calcium levels in the bones and blood?
a) Insulin
b) Thyroxine
c) Parathyroid hormone
d) Growth hormone
14. Which of the following is a type of cell division that results in the formation of gametes?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Binary fission
d) Budding
15. What is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?
a) Producing bile
b) Storing bile
c) Absorbing nutrients
d) Breaking down proteins
16. Which of the following is a function of the spleen?
a) Producing insulin
b) Filtering blood and removing damaged blood cells
c) Regulating body temperature
d) Storing bile
17. What is the role of the enzyme pepsin in the digestive system?
a) Breaking down fats
b) Breaking down proteins
c) Breaking down carbohydrates
d) Absorbing nutrients
18. Which of the following is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels?
a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone
c) Insulin
d) Thyroxine
19. What is the function of the eustachian tube in the ear?
a) Transmitting sound waves to the brain
b) Balancing pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment
c) Amplifying sound vibrations
d) Producing earwax
20. Which process involves the conversion of nitrogen gas into a form that plants can absorb?
a) Nitrogen fixation
b) Photosynthesis
c) Respiration
d) Fermentation
21. What is the purpose of the villi in the small intestine?
a) Producing digestive enzymes
b) Absorbing nutrients from digested food
c) Regulating blood pressure
d) Storing bile
22. Which of the following is a hormone produced by the ovaries and plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy?
a) Progesterone
b) Testosterone
c) Thyroxine
d) Insulin
23. What is the function of the semicircular canals in the inner ear?
a) Detecting light intensity
b) Transmitting sound waves to the brain
c) Balancing and detecting changes in head position
d) Producing earwax
24. Which of the following is a type of connective tissue that provides support and cushioning between bones?
a) Cartilage
b) Muscle tissue
c) Nervous tissue
d) Epithelial tissue
25. What is the role of the hormone oxytocin during childbirth and breastfeeding?
a) Stimulating milk production
b) Regulating blood sugar levels
c) Initiating contractions during labor and promoting bonding
d) Controlling metabolic rate
26. Which of the following is a type of genetic mutation that involves the addition of extra DNA base pairs?
a) Deletion
b) Insertion
c) Substitution
d) Duplication
27. What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?
a) Producing hormones
b) Providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
c) Regulating body temperature
d) Producing milk for breastfeeding
28. Which part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion?
a) Central nervous system
b) Peripheral nervous system
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Somatic nervous system
29. What is the primary function of the medulla oblongata in the brainstem?
a) Processing visual information
b) Regulating body temperature
c) Controlling basic life functions like breathing and heart rate
d) Coordinating fine motor skills
30. Which of the following is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles?
a) Melatonin
b) Serotonin
c) Epinephrine
d) Dopamine
Answers:
1. c) Carbon dioxide
2. b) Filtering air and trapping particles
3. c) Smooth muscle
4. a) Transporting oxygen
5. c) Prolactin
6. c) Eliminating waste
7. c) Cushioning and protecting the fetus
8. b) Tendon
9. c) Secreting adrenaline and cortisol
10. a) Diabetes mellitus
11. c) Processing sensory information and higher cognitive functions
12. b) Respiration
13. c) Parathyroid hormone
14. b) Meiosis
15. b) Storing bile
16. b) Filtering blood and removing damaged blood cells
17. b) Breaking down proteins
18. c) Insulin
19. b) Balancing pressure between the middle ear and the outside environment
20. a) Nitrogen fixation
21. b) Absorbing nutrients from digested food
22. a) Progesterone
23. c) Balancing and detecting changes in head position
24. a) Cartilage
25. c) Initiating contractions during labor and promoting bonding
26. b) Insertion
27. b) Providing nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
28. c) Autonomic nervous system
29. c) Controlling basic life functions like breathing and heart rate
30. a) Melatonin