Isomerase enzymes create or aid in the creation of isomers of any biological component. They aid in the rearrangement of various biomolecules during bond formation and breakage. A type of …
Gel permeation chromatography is also known as gel filtration chromatography or size exclusion chromatography. The stationary phase in size exclusion chromatography is a porous matrix composed of compounds such as …
Physiology of Vision The rods and cones are two types of photoreceptors that help in transducing light rays into the receptor potential. The retina of each eye contains about 6 …
Introduction The two principle divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of brain and spinal cord, integrates and …
Introduction The lymphatic system is a major part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system is a subset of the circulatory system, with a number of actions. The lymphatic …
Hemostasis It is the instinctive response for the body to stop bleeding and loss of blood. Hemostasis occurs when blood is present outside the body or blood vessels. Three mechanisms …
White Blood Cells White blood cells are important components of the blood. They are found in the blood and lymphatic tissue. On centrifugation of a blood sample, a thin layer …
Red blood cells or erythrocytes contain the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin that gives the red color to blood. Characteristics of RBCs Count: 5.4 million RBCs per microliter (ul) of blood in …
Arthrology: It is the branch of science concerned with the study of anatomy, function, dysfunction, and treatment of joints and articulations. Joint (Articulation): It is a point of contact between …
Experiment 1 Aim: Cultivation of viruses in the cell line method. Introduction Viruses are acellular pathogenic organisms that rely on the host cells for their multiplication and growth because of …
Introduction The microbiological assay is a standard analytical method used to check the potency of antibiotics. It can be demonstrated by checking the inhibitory effect of antibiotics against specific kinds …
Biochemical Tests Identification of microorganisms is done in two steps; Step I: Examination under the microscope Step II: Biochemical test for final confirmation. Examination of microorganisms under microscopical examination, biochemical …
Introduction The human skin is the outer covering of the body. In humans, it is the largest organ of the human body. The integumentary system helps to maintain a constant …
Cell Division and Cell Cycle Cell Division It is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. These cells divide once approximately every 24 …
Transport across plasma membrane is carried out by two different processes diffusion and active transport, they are further divided into various methods. (A) Diffusion Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Osmosis (B) …
Male Reproductive System: Structure & Functions Reproduction is one of the important characters of life. New species are produced as a result of reproduction and genetic material is passed from …
Physiology of Kidneys Kidneys from urine by filtration and secretion of waste materials from the blood. In addition, the selective reabsorption by tubular cells contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis …
Introduction For body cells to function effectively, their environment should be maintained relatively constant (homeostasis). Continuous working of cells necessitates utilization of nutrients (glucose) and oxygen and results in the …
Definition Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a small molecule present in cells. It acts as a coenzyme and is a unit for the transfer of metabolic energy. It transports chemical energy …
Tissues of the Human Body Introduction A tissue is a group of cells having a common embryonic origin that functions together to carry out specialized activities. Tissues may be hard …