CRISPR/Cas System in Bacteria
The genome of about 50% of bacterial species and up to 90% of archaebacteria harbors the unique genetic …
Molecular Biology
Microarrays and its applications
Microarrays and its applications Microarrays are large arrays of DNA sequences attached via automatic equipment to a solid …
Labeling of Probes- Overview
Probes are short section of DNA or RNA with an additional tagged or labeled chemical entity that are …
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography A method for determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal is X-ray crystallography. X-ray diffraction, …
Protein Secretion Pathways
Protein Secretion Pathways Bacteria and eukaryotic cells have specialized systems for exporting certain proteins (secretory proteins) to the …
Thermoregulation
Thermoconformers and Thermoregulators Most animals are thermoconformers (whose body temperature conforms to that of the surrounding environment) but …
Temperature Relationships
Temperature relationship Definitions Animals are limited to fairly narrow temperature ranges (approximately –2°C to +50°C for internal temperatures …
Nitrogenous Excretion
Nitrogenous Excretion Nitrogenous excretion is the removal of nitrogenous waste substances of metabolism. Nitrogenous waste substances During protein …
Gas Transport In The Blood
Respiratory Pigments Oxygen is relatively insoluble in plasma (the liquid part of vertebrate blood): only 0.3 cm3 of …
Chromosome structure mutations
Chromosome structure mutations divided into two parts one is structural and another one is numerical. The structural mutation …