Spontaneous and Induced Mutation
Spontaneous and induced mutation Spontaneous mutations are the result of errors in natural biological processes, while induced mutations …
Prenatal Diagnosis: Overview
Prenatal Diagnosis: Overview INTRODUCTION One of the most important threats for human’s health is the genetic diseases. Genetic …
DNA Fingerprinting and RAPD
DNA Fingerprinting and RAPD DNA FINGERPRINTING “DNA Fingerprinting — The greatest breakthrough in forensic sciences in this century” …
Non-Radioactive Hybridization Methods
NON-RADIOACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION PROCEDURES Nucleic acid hybridization can be detected by labeling the probe with a radioactive isotope or …
DNA Diagnostic
DNA Diagnostic DNA diagnostic means qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. The common techniques used …
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Nucleic Acid Hybridization BASIC CONSIDERATIONS Nucleic acid hybridization is a basic tool in molecular genetics that exploits the …
Plasmids: Types, Structure and Properties
Definition Plasmids are extra-chromosomal circular, double-stranded DNA material present in the cell cytoplasm. They may autonomously or maybe …
Transplantation Immunology
Transplantation Immunology INTRODUCTION Transplantation: It is an act of transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one site to …
Tumor Immunity
Tumor Immunity INTRODUCTION Cancer is an abnormal, uncontrolled cellular growth. Risk factors linked to cancer include diet and …
Parasitic Infection: Symptoms, Classification and Diagnosis
Parasitic Infection: Symptoms, Cause and Diagnosis INTRODUCTION—PARASITIC INFECTIONS The term parasite came from the greek word “parasitos” where …
Bacterial Infection: Symptoms, Cause and Diagnosis
Bacterial Infection: Symptoms, Cause, and Diagnosis INTRODUCTION- BACTERIAL INFECTIONS Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. There are thousands of …
Immune Response to Infection
Immune Response to Infection INTRODUCTION The immune system is a defense system that enables us to resist infections. …