Protoplasm
Protoplasm The cessation of visible activities is due to the cessation of activities within the substance of the …
Zoology
The Mammalian Heart
Heart structure The heart is a muscular pump whose walls are largely made up of cardiac muscle anchored …
Blood And Circulation
Functions of Blood Except in very small animals (e.g. flatworms) or those with very low metabolic rates (e.g. …
High Altitude Respiration In Mammals
Pressure at high Altitude At sea level, there is approximately 0.2 atmospheres (20 kPa) of pressure driving oxygen …
Diving Physiology In Birds And Mammals
Diving Physiology In Birds And Mammals ▶Pressure under Water Pressure increases by approximately 1 atmosphere (≈100 kPa) for …
Gas Transport In The Blood
Respiratory Pigments Oxygen is relatively insoluble in plasma (the liquid part of vertebrate blood): only 0.3 cm3 of …
Homeostasis
Centrality of Homeostasis The concept of homeostasis is central to an understanding of animal physiology. Claude Bernard, in …
Body Plans And Body Cavities
Body Plans And Body Cavities Diploblastic Diploblasty is characterized by outer ectoderm (epidermis) and inner endoderm (gastrodermis), lining …
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia, it is also called sickle cell disease (SCD), it’s a genetic disorder of the red …
Phylum Chordata
Phylum Chordata Classification: Kingdom Animalia, Sub-Kingdom Metazoa, Phylum Chordata, Common Names: sea-squirts, salps, lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, …
Phylum Hemichordata: Characteristics Features and Classes
Phylum Hemichordata Classification: Kingdom: Animalia Sub-Kingdom: Metazoa Phylum: Hemichordata Common Name: acorn-worms Characteristics Features Type of organism There …